So in a few short weeks London goes to the polls to elect its Mayor for 2008-2012. The three major party Candidates have been campaigning for a little while now and I thought it was time to have a look at what might occur on polling day. The conventional wisdom is that whilst it will probably be a close contest that the candidate in the box seat is the incumbent Ken Livingstone. I want to show in the course of this blog why I think that is incorrect and that actually Ken has a big problem. In order to do this I will give a little bit of a history lesson.
Firstly let us go back to 2000 the first mayoral election which Ken won, and look at how he won and. Back then Ken was running as an independent and had been kicked out of Labour, he won in London handsomely by pulling together a disparate coalition of sizeable chunks of the Labour vote angry that he hadn’t been selected as the Labour candidate, independently minded voters who liked Ken’s outsider status and soft Tories, Lib Dems and assorted others. His campaign was highly driven by personality and a machine that was mainly made up of the angry Labour supporters mentioned. Remember there was a huge furore in London Labour over Ken not gaining the selection and the way the Labour leadership had seemed to stack the voting system against Ken. The Conservatives fielded Steve Norris after their initial candidate Jeffrey Archer had been forced out of the race under a cloud. The Lib Dem candidate was Susan Kramer, now a Member of Parliament. Labour put up Frank Dobson . At the time the Conservatives in London were virtually nowhere and Ken had no record in terms of London having been an MP with no executive responsibility for London policy, the GLC having been abolished in 1986. That Ken Livingstone won easily was not a surprise.
Move forward 4 years to 2004, and what do we get, Ken runs for re-election. This was no real surprise, the Conservatives again field Steve Norris, and the Lib Dems fielded Simon Hughes. Now initially the Labour candidate was Nicky Gavron, however shortly before the election Labour decided to bury the hatchet with Ken and readmit him to the party and accept him as their candidate. This was a bit of a surprise at the time and caused a little comment. I think though there is an explanation for it. The Conservatives had picked up a little support in respect of London in the four years between 2000 and 2004, this wouldn’t have been a problem but for Ken’s independent status. I think that Ken Livingstone and Labour saw what was likely to happen, and it was something like this. Ken had had four years as Mayor with a record, his outsider status whilst still valuable was somewhat diminished and consequently some of his vote would have shed. The initial anger at Ken not being the original Labour Candidate would have subsided and some more of Ken’s support would have drifted from Ken to Nicky Gavron. I think the thought that washed over both Ken and Labour was that Ken’s vote would switch back to the official Labour candidate and that Steve Norris would come through the middle. Add to that the fact that independent Livingstone would have had a much more limited machine behind him and that scenario is increasingly plausible. The fact also that the final result was closer even with Ken as Labour shows that the idea that Ken as independent with a Labour candidate could have lost to Norris is at least an idea worth entertaining. I suspect that both Labour and Ken saw this and so Labour patched things up with Ken and made him their candidate. I think this alone saved Ken from a possible defeat and it is why Ken was so desperate to be readmitted to Labour in the run-up to the 2004 Mayoral poll.
Now let us look at the possibilities in 2008. Well Ken will be Labour’s candidate for a second election and is vying for a third term overall. After 8 years his character vote is probably exhausted, as is his outsider vote. In fact with the Conservatives putting up Boris Johnson he has to contend for the votes of those who simply want a character in the job. Secondly he has a sizeable record to defend, some of it is good which will encourage support some bad which will dissuade support. Overall Ken’s record is neither going to help nor I would have thought would it overly hinder him. Ken as Labour candidate has access to the political machine of Labour, however that is not what it was in 2004, also Labour is significantly weaker generally in 2008 than in 2004. This puts Ken at a disadvantage and the relative weakness of Labour’s machine will harm efforts to turn out vote. Now we need to add in the fact that the Conservatives in London are significantly stronger than in 2004, if we look at the London-wide local elections in 2006 the Conservative vote was very solid and there is nothing to suggest that that has weakened significantly in the last 2 years and if anything may have strengthened. This together with a highly recognisable candidate in Boris Johnson and the fact that Ken Livingstone will galvanise the solid core Conservative vote like no other candidate and the fact that all the evidence points to the Conservative vote being more solid and certain to vote than any other and that is a sizeable advantage to the Conservatives in London. There are other reasons for Ken to be fearful, in 2004 the Mayoral election coincided with the Euro elections, this massively increased support for UKIP, which was a much more cohesive force than now. The likelihood is that UKIP vote share will be significantly down in 2008 comparative to 2004. Some of it may just stay at home, however if it goes anywhere it will more than likely go to Boris Johnson the Conservative candidate.
Now I am not suggesting that Boris Johnson is a virtual shoo-in for next Mayor of London, but I would suggest that the Conservatives have sizeable in built advantages in this campaign. I would also not suggest that Ken Livingstone cannot win, but looking at the changes from 2004 to now and this is clearly going to be the hardest election Ken has ever fought. Also whilst the Lib Dems have a decent candidate in Brian Paddick and there are a number of other candidates for other parties too, this election is pretty much going to boil down to the two big characters. This is the Ken and Boris election, candidates identifiable on a first name only and both with huge voter recognition. Clearly I think the election will be close but I think that the balance of advantages is clearly against Ken Livingstone, to my mind Boris Johnson has the organisation, the voter recognition, the background climate of disenchantment with Labour and a solid Conservative vote in London in his favour. Ken has a reasonable record in his, with a weakened organisation, ties to Labour that will hinder and a sense that maybe 8 years is long enough. All in all a fascinating contest beckons and one which the Conservatives are quite well placed to win. Ken Livingstone could be facing his last hurrah!